rus
Issue #7/2014
V.Kutuzov, V.Luchinin, Z.Yuldashev
Implementation of Innovative Potential of the University: Interdisciplinary Platform Biotechnosphere
Implementation of Innovative Potential of the University: Interdisciplinary Platform Biotechnosphere
Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI"
formed a program to ensure the global competitiveness of the University in the field of advanced technologies, innovative products and professionally oriented educational services.
formed a program to ensure the global competitiveness of the University in the field of advanced technologies, innovative products and professionally oriented educational services.
Теги: expanding the functionality of man personalized medicine the replacement of missing bodies замещение утраченных органов персонализированная медицина расширение функциональных возможностей человека
The main function of the Biotechnosphere platform is to conduct interdisciplinary research [1] and deliver education to ensure the development of the socially oriented biomedical technologies [2] (see chart) including prevention of the socially significant diseases, personalised medicine, the replacement of lost organs and the enhanced human functional capabilities.
The main provisions of the platform as well as the research and development priorities were created with due account for the existing Scientific and Technological Development Outlook for the Russian Federation up to 2030 and certainly the Priority Areas of Science, Technology and Engineering of the Russian Federation. A review of guidance documents to reveal the most important national objectives following the generated strategic vector for scientific and technological development of Russia (table 1).
Biotechnosphere. Magnitude
and Relevance of the Issue
A review of the relevance and magnitude of the problem to be solved within the framework of the Biotechnosphere scientific and educational platform made it possible to identify a number of consistent trends. In particular, there has been a higher demand for new quality of life including the ability to compensate for lost functions by transplantation of artificial organs and creation of the user-friendly "man-information environment" interface of a new generation.
General trends in the provision of health services are determined by the preventive orientation, personalisation, biomedical monitoring at home combined with the latest information and telecommunication systems (telemedicine). There has been recorded a spread of megacity diseases (in big cities) characterised by allergic diseases, diseases associated with poor hygiene (poor people diseases), and the lack of effective measures to prevent infectious diseases as well as self-treatment with a low level of trust in the official health care system.
Much of the market dynamics is determined by the demand for new non-invasive diagnostic technologies, integration of the bioinformatic, genetic engineering and pharmaceutical technologies with an option of the personalised therapeutic effects, the development of technology for targeted delivery of medicines, an increased demand for sites (organs and tissues) for replacement of the lost functions.
It should also be noted the tendency towards the development of the modelling culture and technologies to implement and control processes at the atomic and molecular levels, intellectualisation and rapid adaptation of molecular production to personalised transplantation products and "smart" medicines.
In general, the following global trends in the scientific and technological development in the field of biotechnology can be highlighted:
•multi-scale modelling of complex bio-organic systems, the introduction of new materials of the artificial and synthetic origin that reproduce certain features of biological objects, the development of bioinformatic methods for the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis;
•in vitro diagnostic tools such e.g. a lab on a chip – biosensors and biochips with high selectivity and close to the known analytical methods sensitivity combined with ease of use and affordability for home use as well as with an interface for integration into information networks to ensure the provision of health services remotely;
•combinatorial molecular sensing also including aptamers to create effective means of diagnosis and analysis of the statistical and dynamic factors of pathological conditions;
•personalised medicine focused on the systematic individual preventive diagnostics and bioinformatic methods in the genomic, post-genomic and proteomic technologies to allow for personalising a therapeutic intervention ‘recipe’;
•bioengineering technologies including regenerative and cell technologies, inorganic and organic materials of the non-animal origin, bio-substituting implants for the guided regeneration and transplantation of sites;
•targeted drug delivery technologies based on artificial nanoclusters of the organic and organic-inorganic nature;
•bioinformatic technologies that enhance the "precision" of diagnostics, treatment efficiency and personalisation.
Multidisciplinary Scientific and Educational Cluster Biotechnosphere
Creation of a competitive university-based multidisciplinary medical-scientific-technical educational cluster Biotechnosphere is based on the consistent integration of the infrastructure, scientific, informational and human resource capacities in the framework of the complementary development of existing research and educational platforms [3], centres of excellence and technology transfer for the integrated interdisciplinary research and breakthrough developments in the field of bionic and biomedical systems, prototyping high technology products and educating professional elite representatives.
For the above cluster, at the core of development of the research and educational activities and, above all, the area of the Biomedical and Bionic Systems and Technologies for Human Life and Extending Human Functionality there is a set of basic provisions setting out the interdisciplinary research, multidisciplinary educational paradigm, inter-branch engineering activities and socially-oriented technologies as the fundamental innovation development priorities.
To achieve this goal it is intended to conduct basic research to provide the basis for the future superiority technologies with the foreseen high competitiveness and socio-economic efficiency, conduct applied research focused on accumulation, systematisation, the selection of knowledge in interdisciplinary areas of the requested technological niches with rapid transformation of developments from a research stage to production (including prototyping high technology products) as well as the creation of a new generation of professional elite to ensure competitiveness of the national scientific products, technology transfer and the provision of career-oriented educational services.
Implementation in LETI of the Biotechnosphere platform involves the research, engineering, and educational activities in the following areas:
•molecular design of artificial systems for the protein systems for biosensors and transplantology;
•biomimetic materials, biocomposites and 3D bioprinting;
•multi-integrated micro-platforms (lab-on-a-chip) for biomolecular rapid diagnosis of pathological conditions and disease-causing infections;
•smart tissues (smart clothes) for personal, non-invasive biomedical express monitoring;
•micro- and nano-biometric identification;
•bionic robotic systems including biosimilar and anthropomorphic devices, artificial organs and convergent (hybrid) systems based on the integration of biological objects and technical micro- and nanosystems;
•information technologies of the augmented and virtual realities for biomedical applications.
In conducting fundamental research top priority will be attached to the molecular design, the processes of self-treatment and self-organisation of macromolecules and supramolecular systems; modelling and synthesis of artificial organic and organic-inorganic supramolecular compositions – functional environments characterised by very large-scale information capacities, high specific energy saturation, selectivity to external influences, associativity and distributed information processing; biomimetic material synthesis technology that simulate the structural and material organisation of individual elements of the biological systems and the basic principles of the real-energy and information processes that ensure their functioning.
In applied research emphasis is put on the creation of the following solutions, i.e. artificial organs ensuring replacement of the natural systems or lost functions; personal sensor systems for rapid diagnosis of diseases, infections, functional state of the organism and its bio-correction; converged systems based on the integration of artificial human-made inorganic systems and objects of the bio-organic nature; bionic robotic systems for extending the functionality of a human; friendly multifunctional adaptive human-machine interface to ensure the individual comfortable environment and the functioning of a human.
LETI has been developing quite a range of products of the medical and biological applications:
•algorithms and software for topological coding chain polymers and artificial proteins [4,5];
•colloidal magnetic nanocomposites for targeted drug delivery and improvement of their pharmacokinetic parameters [6];
•a cluster of flexible printing 3D bioimplants and bio-substituting materials [7];
•diminutive integrated platforms – lab-on-a-chip for express identification of the pathogenic microorganisms and testing their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents [8];
•a portable system based on the lab-on-a-chip capillary type for rapid control of the size, mobility and aggregate stability of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and high-frequency therapy of neoplasms [9];
•artificial touch-sensitive textile with galvanic and optical topological coding [10];
•a portable and textile-integrated system for non-invasive recording of the dynamic set of physiological parameters (smart clothes) [1];
•a portable X-ray microfocus low-dose diagnostic unit [11];
•biorobotic systems based on the integration of insect motility and artificial sensory-telecom micromodules [12].
The basic criteria for determining the priority medical, technical and operational characteristics of developed high-tech products include diminutiveness, mobility, independence, energy efficiency and data capacity, integrability, harmonisation, conformity and biocompatibility.
It is expected to ensure the efficiency of innovative products taking into account dominance in the evaluation of consumer properties based on their intellectual innovation potential as well as the social and defence significance; the possibility of integrating into the global division of labour with the internal and external protection of intellectual property in the products; raising the importance of the human capital contribution to the creation of products with a high intellectual proportion.
Breakthrough technologies
and quality of human capital
The "soft power" designed to move to the sixth technological mode, one of the basic directions of which will surely be biotechnosphere, is represented by breakthrough innovation technologies and the quality of human capital.
Breakthrough technologies are characterised by unexpectedness, intellectual superiority and usually multidisciplinarity to ensure their originality and competitiveness of high-tech products.
The quality of human capital is ensured within the concept of education for the next generation. The fundamental trend lies in achieving, preserving and fostering competencies through the fundamental natural-science component of education within the interdisciplinary approach and professional orientation based on the continuity and mobility of education. Transition from education to bringing up a character is defined as a national goal.
In LETI as part of the work determined by the Biotechnosphere research and educational platform a matrix of the most advanced and popular biomedical R&D outcomes in the socially oriented health care was set up (table 2).
The main provisions of the platform as well as the research and development priorities were created with due account for the existing Scientific and Technological Development Outlook for the Russian Federation up to 2030 and certainly the Priority Areas of Science, Technology and Engineering of the Russian Federation. A review of guidance documents to reveal the most important national objectives following the generated strategic vector for scientific and technological development of Russia (table 1).
Biotechnosphere. Magnitude
and Relevance of the Issue
A review of the relevance and magnitude of the problem to be solved within the framework of the Biotechnosphere scientific and educational platform made it possible to identify a number of consistent trends. In particular, there has been a higher demand for new quality of life including the ability to compensate for lost functions by transplantation of artificial organs and creation of the user-friendly "man-information environment" interface of a new generation.
General trends in the provision of health services are determined by the preventive orientation, personalisation, biomedical monitoring at home combined with the latest information and telecommunication systems (telemedicine). There has been recorded a spread of megacity diseases (in big cities) characterised by allergic diseases, diseases associated with poor hygiene (poor people diseases), and the lack of effective measures to prevent infectious diseases as well as self-treatment with a low level of trust in the official health care system.
Much of the market dynamics is determined by the demand for new non-invasive diagnostic technologies, integration of the bioinformatic, genetic engineering and pharmaceutical technologies with an option of the personalised therapeutic effects, the development of technology for targeted delivery of medicines, an increased demand for sites (organs and tissues) for replacement of the lost functions.
It should also be noted the tendency towards the development of the modelling culture and technologies to implement and control processes at the atomic and molecular levels, intellectualisation and rapid adaptation of molecular production to personalised transplantation products and "smart" medicines.
In general, the following global trends in the scientific and technological development in the field of biotechnology can be highlighted:
•multi-scale modelling of complex bio-organic systems, the introduction of new materials of the artificial and synthetic origin that reproduce certain features of biological objects, the development of bioinformatic methods for the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis;
•in vitro diagnostic tools such e.g. a lab on a chip – biosensors and biochips with high selectivity and close to the known analytical methods sensitivity combined with ease of use and affordability for home use as well as with an interface for integration into information networks to ensure the provision of health services remotely;
•combinatorial molecular sensing also including aptamers to create effective means of diagnosis and analysis of the statistical and dynamic factors of pathological conditions;
•personalised medicine focused on the systematic individual preventive diagnostics and bioinformatic methods in the genomic, post-genomic and proteomic technologies to allow for personalising a therapeutic intervention ‘recipe’;
•bioengineering technologies including regenerative and cell technologies, inorganic and organic materials of the non-animal origin, bio-substituting implants for the guided regeneration and transplantation of sites;
•targeted drug delivery technologies based on artificial nanoclusters of the organic and organic-inorganic nature;
•bioinformatic technologies that enhance the "precision" of diagnostics, treatment efficiency and personalisation.
Multidisciplinary Scientific and Educational Cluster Biotechnosphere
Creation of a competitive university-based multidisciplinary medical-scientific-technical educational cluster Biotechnosphere is based on the consistent integration of the infrastructure, scientific, informational and human resource capacities in the framework of the complementary development of existing research and educational platforms [3], centres of excellence and technology transfer for the integrated interdisciplinary research and breakthrough developments in the field of bionic and biomedical systems, prototyping high technology products and educating professional elite representatives.
For the above cluster, at the core of development of the research and educational activities and, above all, the area of the Biomedical and Bionic Systems and Technologies for Human Life and Extending Human Functionality there is a set of basic provisions setting out the interdisciplinary research, multidisciplinary educational paradigm, inter-branch engineering activities and socially-oriented technologies as the fundamental innovation development priorities.
To achieve this goal it is intended to conduct basic research to provide the basis for the future superiority technologies with the foreseen high competitiveness and socio-economic efficiency, conduct applied research focused on accumulation, systematisation, the selection of knowledge in interdisciplinary areas of the requested technological niches with rapid transformation of developments from a research stage to production (including prototyping high technology products) as well as the creation of a new generation of professional elite to ensure competitiveness of the national scientific products, technology transfer and the provision of career-oriented educational services.
Implementation in LETI of the Biotechnosphere platform involves the research, engineering, and educational activities in the following areas:
•molecular design of artificial systems for the protein systems for biosensors and transplantology;
•biomimetic materials, biocomposites and 3D bioprinting;
•multi-integrated micro-platforms (lab-on-a-chip) for biomolecular rapid diagnosis of pathological conditions and disease-causing infections;
•smart tissues (smart clothes) for personal, non-invasive biomedical express monitoring;
•micro- and nano-biometric identification;
•bionic robotic systems including biosimilar and anthropomorphic devices, artificial organs and convergent (hybrid) systems based on the integration of biological objects and technical micro- and nanosystems;
•information technologies of the augmented and virtual realities for biomedical applications.
In conducting fundamental research top priority will be attached to the molecular design, the processes of self-treatment and self-organisation of macromolecules and supramolecular systems; modelling and synthesis of artificial organic and organic-inorganic supramolecular compositions – functional environments characterised by very large-scale information capacities, high specific energy saturation, selectivity to external influences, associativity and distributed information processing; biomimetic material synthesis technology that simulate the structural and material organisation of individual elements of the biological systems and the basic principles of the real-energy and information processes that ensure their functioning.
In applied research emphasis is put on the creation of the following solutions, i.e. artificial organs ensuring replacement of the natural systems or lost functions; personal sensor systems for rapid diagnosis of diseases, infections, functional state of the organism and its bio-correction; converged systems based on the integration of artificial human-made inorganic systems and objects of the bio-organic nature; bionic robotic systems for extending the functionality of a human; friendly multifunctional adaptive human-machine interface to ensure the individual comfortable environment and the functioning of a human.
LETI has been developing quite a range of products of the medical and biological applications:
•algorithms and software for topological coding chain polymers and artificial proteins [4,5];
•colloidal magnetic nanocomposites for targeted drug delivery and improvement of their pharmacokinetic parameters [6];
•a cluster of flexible printing 3D bioimplants and bio-substituting materials [7];
•diminutive integrated platforms – lab-on-a-chip for express identification of the pathogenic microorganisms and testing their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents [8];
•a portable system based on the lab-on-a-chip capillary type for rapid control of the size, mobility and aggregate stability of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and high-frequency therapy of neoplasms [9];
•artificial touch-sensitive textile with galvanic and optical topological coding [10];
•a portable and textile-integrated system for non-invasive recording of the dynamic set of physiological parameters (smart clothes) [1];
•a portable X-ray microfocus low-dose diagnostic unit [11];
•biorobotic systems based on the integration of insect motility and artificial sensory-telecom micromodules [12].
The basic criteria for determining the priority medical, technical and operational characteristics of developed high-tech products include diminutiveness, mobility, independence, energy efficiency and data capacity, integrability, harmonisation, conformity and biocompatibility.
It is expected to ensure the efficiency of innovative products taking into account dominance in the evaluation of consumer properties based on their intellectual innovation potential as well as the social and defence significance; the possibility of integrating into the global division of labour with the internal and external protection of intellectual property in the products; raising the importance of the human capital contribution to the creation of products with a high intellectual proportion.
Breakthrough technologies
and quality of human capital
The "soft power" designed to move to the sixth technological mode, one of the basic directions of which will surely be biotechnosphere, is represented by breakthrough innovation technologies and the quality of human capital.
Breakthrough technologies are characterised by unexpectedness, intellectual superiority and usually multidisciplinarity to ensure their originality and competitiveness of high-tech products.
The quality of human capital is ensured within the concept of education for the next generation. The fundamental trend lies in achieving, preserving and fostering competencies through the fundamental natural-science component of education within the interdisciplinary approach and professional orientation based on the continuity and mobility of education. Transition from education to bringing up a character is defined as a national goal.
In LETI as part of the work determined by the Biotechnosphere research and educational platform a matrix of the most advanced and popular biomedical R&D outcomes in the socially oriented health care was set up (table 2).
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