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Nanotechnology, without doubt, is the most promising area of modern science and technology. On the example of their development in the NWFD is quite obvious that the country has a certain research and instrumental base and serious R&Ds are conducted
Теги: centers for collective use nanotechnology companies нанотехнологические компании центры коллективного пользования
Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) is one of the most developed regions in the industrial complex of the country. It includes important in socio-economic terms areas with a powerful infrastructure of industrial enterprises, scientific-production associations, an extensive network of research institutes and technical universities. Therefore, the status, problems and trends of development of nanoindustry in the NWFD can be an indicator of the implementation of nanotechnology in the country.
The development of nanotechnology in the NWFD has already been covered in the press, for example, in the publications of 2009 [1], where, in particular, it was noted that more than a hundred different companies, organizations and institutions in the region are directly related to research, development, production and distribution of nanotechnological products.
At the initial stage of the implementation of FTP in the field of nanotechnology was the following situation:
•the largest share of enterprises in the region (61%), worked in the field of functional, structural and composite nanomaterials;
•13% of enterprises worked in the field of nano-biotechnology;
•11% of enterprises worked in the field of nanoelectronics;
•14% of organizations engaged in the promotion in the domestic market of foreign nanotechnological products;
•the share of manufacturing enterprises, producing products based on nanotechnology does not exceed 15–20%.
Leading companies in the field of production of nanomaterials at the time were: CRISM Prometey, Suprotec RPTC, NeoTechProduct RPC, Avtostankoprom LLC, Astrinsplav SK, Nanobeton LLC, Astralen JSC, Fullerene technology LLC. In the field of nano-biotechnology worked Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, PLASMAS Ltd and V.G.Khlopin Radium Institute, in production of nanoelectronics – Svetlana-Optoelectronics JSC and IKO LLC, in nanoengineering – Electronic & Beam Technologies RPC.
The distribution of the status of nanotechnology scientific-production enterprises in NWFD at the beginning of 2009 is shown in fig.1. It should be noted that the small scientific-production companies accounted largest share in the industry.
The distribution of nanotechnology enterprises on the territory of the region is also very uneven. According to the web portal of National nanotechnology network of the Russian Federation [2] about 90% of all nanotechnology organizations (industrial, scientific and educational) are based in St. Petersburg (fig.2).
By the beginning of the FTP in the region were about 30 companies that have developed the production of different nanotechnological products. Types of products in various fields of industrial production are given in table.1.
Implementation of the FTP has accelerated the development of the infrastructure for the needs of industrial enterprises in different researches, in particular, it has accelerated the creation of Centers for collective use (CCU). Such centers are organized, as a rule, on the basis of the institutes of RAS, leading technical universities, industrial research institutes, and are equipped with the most modern and expensive measuring equipment, mainly of the world level. The objective of CCU is to provide a unique research equipment on the applications of scientific and industrial enterprises of the region.
The number of CCU, equipped with modern instrumentation for developing knowledge-intensive areas, in the NWFD in recent years increased from 11 to 20, including: CCU "Materials science and diagnostics in advanced technologies" on the basis of Ioffe Institute, CCU on the basis of Institute of biology of the KarRC RAS, St. Petersburg biotechnology center of genome expression research, CCU on the basis of Russian scientific center of radiology and surgical technologies, "Nanotechnology" CCU, "Renewable resources, energy sources, new materials and biotechnology" CCU, CCU on the basis of Grebenshchikov Institute of silicate chemistry RAS, "The composition, structure and properties of structural and functional materials" CCU and other (fig.4).
Instrument base that defines the measurement capabilities of enterprises and organizations of nanoindustry of NWFD, includes more than 600 units of precision nanotechnological equipment. Distribution of the type of devices shown in fig.5. It should be noted that a significant part of unique equipment is concentrated in the CCU’s. In particular, in the CCU’s are installed 13 scanning probe microscope of 29 available in the region, 32 electron microscope of 80, 18 diffractometers of 54 and 27 spectrophotometers of 68 available in the region.
In recent years the number of industrial nanotechnology companies grew, for example, only with the participation of Rusnano in the region created and operate six new enterprises [3]:
•LED Microsensor NT – the world’s only producer of the full range of LEDs and photodiodes for the mid-infrared spectrum (wavelengths of 1,600–5,000 nm);
•Optogan – vertically integrated manufacturer for LED components, LED lamps and luminaires based on its own technologies, including the unique semiconductor chips based on gallium nitride;
•Virial – production of durable items of nanostructured ceramic and metal-ceramic materials, include bearings, face seal rings, rotary cutting tools, and interchangeable multifaceted blades;
•RST-Invent – production of new generation of ultra high-frequency RFID-chips to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standards using 90-nm technology;
•Connector Optics – production of ultrahigh-speed (to 40 Gbit/s), energy-efficient optical components for data communications, computer, and consumer markets;
•Plackart – deposition of functional nano-enabled coatings to equipment in a wide variety of industries.
In addition, three joint ventures with Rusnano in the NWFD are close to completion.
In the framework of programs of the Skolkovo Foundation 35 projects of St. Petersburg has received grants for the creation of enterprises, 11 of which are of direct relevance to nanotechnology. In addition, the number of Skolkovo residents includes 20 St. Petersburg companies that commercialize scientific achievements in the field of nanotechnology. They all are created, starting in 2011. The areas of activities of these companies are presented in table.2.
In accordance with the plans it is expected that in 2015 in the NWFD will operate approximately 60 manufacturing enterprises of nanoindustry (fig.6).
A feature of manufacturing companies in nanoindustry is active cooperation with leading academic institutions and universities. In particular, Russia's largest developers and manufacturers of optoelectronics Svetlana-Optoelectronics JSC and Optogan JSC actively collaborated with research groups from Ioffe Institute, and later some members of the Institute came to work in these companies as technical managers. The Virial company who built the plant for the production of wear-resistant products from nanostructured ceramic and metal-ceramic materials, actively collaborated with the Grebenshchikov Institute of silicate chemistry RAS, and NeoTechProduct scientific and production company has roots in St. Petersburg state University. Such examples are numerous.
Analyzing the above, we can state the positive trend in quantitative and qualitative change of nanotechnology infrastructure in the region. So, if in 2009 was dominated by companies working in the field of nanomaterials, and, for example, in the field of nanoelectronics (except the development of LED elements) none worked, by 2015 the developers of nanoelectronics account for the largest share of companies (17), followed by the manufacturers of LED elements (10). The production of nanomaterials shares with nano-biotechnology third and fourth place.
The vast majority of companies interact with Rusnano and/or the Skolkovo Foundation, that is, in varying degrees, are supported by the structures created by the state for the development of innovative economy.
In 2014, two companies from St. Petersburg – CRISM Prometey and Avtostankoprom LLC – as well as Nanomat SPC from Cherepovets received the certificate of the mark "Russian nanotechnology products". In total, 25 Russian companies were awarded.
In General, we can talk about more than doubling of the number of nanotechnology companies in the NWFD for the last six years, but they are a small share of the total number of industrial enterprises of the region. The reasons for this state of affairs are objective problems of nanotechnology, the main of which are shown in fig.7.
Given the current trends of nanotechnology in Russia, we can expect the expansion and strengthening of the interaction of innovative business community with public authorities and state development institutions, including the active participation of companies in discussion of regulatory documents developed by the federal executive authorities. The most important are the following areas:
•improving the procurement of innovative products in the system of government order and for the needs of the largest companies with state participation;
•improvement of normative-technical regulation in the industry to facilitate market entry of innovative products;
•increase the share of domestic innovative products and technologies to be procured in the framework of the state order and by the largest companies with state participation;
•creation of a favorable business climate through the development of the financial sector and of the instruments of state support of innovative companies, implementation of support mechanisms for export and import substitution of innovative products;
•development of personnel potential of nanotechnology companies in order to increase productivity and skill level of staff;
•improving the system of tax regulation in order to stimulate investments in the advanced technologies.
In conclusion, it should be noted that nanotechnology, without doubt, is the most promising area of modern science and technology. On the example of their development in the NWFD is quite obvious that the country has a certain research and instrumental base and serious R&Ds are conducted. But for the development of industrial production and of the Russian market for domestic nanotechnology products, which would meet the requirements of international standards, required a new, specific, long-term Federal program of development of nanotechnology. ■
The development of nanotechnology in the NWFD has already been covered in the press, for example, in the publications of 2009 [1], where, in particular, it was noted that more than a hundred different companies, organizations and institutions in the region are directly related to research, development, production and distribution of nanotechnological products.
At the initial stage of the implementation of FTP in the field of nanotechnology was the following situation:
•the largest share of enterprises in the region (61%), worked in the field of functional, structural and composite nanomaterials;
•13% of enterprises worked in the field of nano-biotechnology;
•11% of enterprises worked in the field of nanoelectronics;
•14% of organizations engaged in the promotion in the domestic market of foreign nanotechnological products;
•the share of manufacturing enterprises, producing products based on nanotechnology does not exceed 15–20%.
Leading companies in the field of production of nanomaterials at the time were: CRISM Prometey, Suprotec RPTC, NeoTechProduct RPC, Avtostankoprom LLC, Astrinsplav SK, Nanobeton LLC, Astralen JSC, Fullerene technology LLC. In the field of nano-biotechnology worked Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, PLASMAS Ltd and V.G.Khlopin Radium Institute, in production of nanoelectronics – Svetlana-Optoelectronics JSC and IKO LLC, in nanoengineering – Electronic & Beam Technologies RPC.
The distribution of the status of nanotechnology scientific-production enterprises in NWFD at the beginning of 2009 is shown in fig.1. It should be noted that the small scientific-production companies accounted largest share in the industry.
The distribution of nanotechnology enterprises on the territory of the region is also very uneven. According to the web portal of National nanotechnology network of the Russian Federation [2] about 90% of all nanotechnology organizations (industrial, scientific and educational) are based in St. Petersburg (fig.2).
By the beginning of the FTP in the region were about 30 companies that have developed the production of different nanotechnological products. Types of products in various fields of industrial production are given in table.1.
Implementation of the FTP has accelerated the development of the infrastructure for the needs of industrial enterprises in different researches, in particular, it has accelerated the creation of Centers for collective use (CCU). Such centers are organized, as a rule, on the basis of the institutes of RAS, leading technical universities, industrial research institutes, and are equipped with the most modern and expensive measuring equipment, mainly of the world level. The objective of CCU is to provide a unique research equipment on the applications of scientific and industrial enterprises of the region.
The number of CCU, equipped with modern instrumentation for developing knowledge-intensive areas, in the NWFD in recent years increased from 11 to 20, including: CCU "Materials science and diagnostics in advanced technologies" on the basis of Ioffe Institute, CCU on the basis of Institute of biology of the KarRC RAS, St. Petersburg biotechnology center of genome expression research, CCU on the basis of Russian scientific center of radiology and surgical technologies, "Nanotechnology" CCU, "Renewable resources, energy sources, new materials and biotechnology" CCU, CCU on the basis of Grebenshchikov Institute of silicate chemistry RAS, "The composition, structure and properties of structural and functional materials" CCU and other (fig.4).
Instrument base that defines the measurement capabilities of enterprises and organizations of nanoindustry of NWFD, includes more than 600 units of precision nanotechnological equipment. Distribution of the type of devices shown in fig.5. It should be noted that a significant part of unique equipment is concentrated in the CCU’s. In particular, in the CCU’s are installed 13 scanning probe microscope of 29 available in the region, 32 electron microscope of 80, 18 diffractometers of 54 and 27 spectrophotometers of 68 available in the region.
In recent years the number of industrial nanotechnology companies grew, for example, only with the participation of Rusnano in the region created and operate six new enterprises [3]:
•LED Microsensor NT – the world’s only producer of the full range of LEDs and photodiodes for the mid-infrared spectrum (wavelengths of 1,600–5,000 nm);
•Optogan – vertically integrated manufacturer for LED components, LED lamps and luminaires based on its own technologies, including the unique semiconductor chips based on gallium nitride;
•Virial – production of durable items of nanostructured ceramic and metal-ceramic materials, include bearings, face seal rings, rotary cutting tools, and interchangeable multifaceted blades;
•RST-Invent – production of new generation of ultra high-frequency RFID-chips to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standards using 90-nm technology;
•Connector Optics – production of ultrahigh-speed (to 40 Gbit/s), energy-efficient optical components for data communications, computer, and consumer markets;
•Plackart – deposition of functional nano-enabled coatings to equipment in a wide variety of industries.
In addition, three joint ventures with Rusnano in the NWFD are close to completion.
In the framework of programs of the Skolkovo Foundation 35 projects of St. Petersburg has received grants for the creation of enterprises, 11 of which are of direct relevance to nanotechnology. In addition, the number of Skolkovo residents includes 20 St. Petersburg companies that commercialize scientific achievements in the field of nanotechnology. They all are created, starting in 2011. The areas of activities of these companies are presented in table.2.
In accordance with the plans it is expected that in 2015 in the NWFD will operate approximately 60 manufacturing enterprises of nanoindustry (fig.6).
A feature of manufacturing companies in nanoindustry is active cooperation with leading academic institutions and universities. In particular, Russia's largest developers and manufacturers of optoelectronics Svetlana-Optoelectronics JSC and Optogan JSC actively collaborated with research groups from Ioffe Institute, and later some members of the Institute came to work in these companies as technical managers. The Virial company who built the plant for the production of wear-resistant products from nanostructured ceramic and metal-ceramic materials, actively collaborated with the Grebenshchikov Institute of silicate chemistry RAS, and NeoTechProduct scientific and production company has roots in St. Petersburg state University. Such examples are numerous.
Analyzing the above, we can state the positive trend in quantitative and qualitative change of nanotechnology infrastructure in the region. So, if in 2009 was dominated by companies working in the field of nanomaterials, and, for example, in the field of nanoelectronics (except the development of LED elements) none worked, by 2015 the developers of nanoelectronics account for the largest share of companies (17), followed by the manufacturers of LED elements (10). The production of nanomaterials shares with nano-biotechnology third and fourth place.
The vast majority of companies interact with Rusnano and/or the Skolkovo Foundation, that is, in varying degrees, are supported by the structures created by the state for the development of innovative economy.
In 2014, two companies from St. Petersburg – CRISM Prometey and Avtostankoprom LLC – as well as Nanomat SPC from Cherepovets received the certificate of the mark "Russian nanotechnology products". In total, 25 Russian companies were awarded.
In General, we can talk about more than doubling of the number of nanotechnology companies in the NWFD for the last six years, but they are a small share of the total number of industrial enterprises of the region. The reasons for this state of affairs are objective problems of nanotechnology, the main of which are shown in fig.7.
Given the current trends of nanotechnology in Russia, we can expect the expansion and strengthening of the interaction of innovative business community with public authorities and state development institutions, including the active participation of companies in discussion of regulatory documents developed by the federal executive authorities. The most important are the following areas:
•improving the procurement of innovative products in the system of government order and for the needs of the largest companies with state participation;
•improvement of normative-technical regulation in the industry to facilitate market entry of innovative products;
•increase the share of domestic innovative products and technologies to be procured in the framework of the state order and by the largest companies with state participation;
•creation of a favorable business climate through the development of the financial sector and of the instruments of state support of innovative companies, implementation of support mechanisms for export and import substitution of innovative products;
•development of personnel potential of nanotechnology companies in order to increase productivity and skill level of staff;
•improving the system of tax regulation in order to stimulate investments in the advanced technologies.
In conclusion, it should be noted that nanotechnology, without doubt, is the most promising area of modern science and technology. On the example of their development in the NWFD is quite obvious that the country has a certain research and instrumental base and serious R&Ds are conducted. But for the development of industrial production and of the Russian market for domestic nanotechnology products, which would meet the requirements of international standards, required a new, specific, long-term Federal program of development of nanotechnology. ■
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