rus
Only one who can build a high-tech plant produces a lot of useful goods and will be successful in a modern digital production. Our story is about 3D precise positioning systems which are in demand in a number of areas such as milling machining centers, micromachining, laser cutting and engraving, scanning probe microscopes and molecular 3D printers.
Теги: automatic tool changer cnc digital production machining center milling machine nanopositioning probe microscopy автосмена инструмента зондовый микроскоп нанопозиционирование обрабатывающий центр фрезерный станок цифровое производство чпу
With the support of the Advanced Technologies Center, practical classes and courses in the following areas are held at the Center for Youth Innovation Creativity "Nanotechnologies" of the Department of Physics of M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University [1]:
scanning probe microscopy;
3D design in SolidWorks and mechanical processing.
At first glance, it might seem that these courses are very far apart. Scanning probe microscopy operates with atoms and molecules, objects of nanometer and micron scale. It is the eye to the nanoworld in its three dimensions. The design, mechanical processing and engineering are the technology field of a different scale. Completely different skills are needed here. However, the real peculiarities of the modern technological movement indicate the opposite. The existing advanced processing centers provide the submicron and nano-scale accuracy of machining. The femtosecond lasers for cutting, electro-spark processing centers, milling and lathe micromachining systems are the leaders among these systems [2]. Processing of materials, the so called nanolithography, may be carried out using a scanning probe microscope. At that, use is made of mechanical, electrical and electro-chemical effects.
But there is another important point in the courses of "Nanotechnology" Center, which should be paid special attention to, as we do when lecturing. The deep study of the second course of 3D design mentioned above gives the necessary basis of knowledge and skills to design your own original scanning probe microscope. However, to be successful, it is absolutely needed to pass the first course (scanning probe microscopy) in parallel to the second one too.
As a result, these courses form the integrated scientific and practical education of engineering and physical art called "How to produce the microscope by own hands".
Starting from making the first microscope and moving to more complicated serial models we had to solve two important problems simultaneously. These problems were to find new modes in microscopy and to implement them in the hardware. Of course, it is necessary to add two other important directions – electronic design and programming. Both of these directions were implemented easily because of our acquired skills in the electronics and programming. It is fortunate that large investments are not needed to develop these areas. With the aim of preparing the harmonically educated professionals in youth Innovative Creativity Centre we planned to supply two new courses "Design of electronic systems" and "Programming for nanotechnologies". Over time it would be useful to conduct another important course called "Marketing, advertising and merchandising in high technologies".
After adoption of the law on small enterprises in August 1990, in September of the same year, the Advanced Technologies Center was registered in the Central Administrative District of Moscow as a high-tech production company. Indeed, all following time we built and developed our company as a plant for manufacturing of the most sophisticated microscopes. Mechanical processing was the serious problem. Significant progress was achieved in 2007, when our plant was equipped with an ultra-precise milling centre with computer numerical control (see Fig.1).
Now we produce milling centres and processing centres by ourselves. Small-size processing centres form the special niche. We have created a promising model of a milling center that allows for automatic tool changes, and has automatic cooling and lubrication systems. All this increases both the accuracy of processing and the service life of the center.
When schoolchildren come to us on an excursion we easily, clearly and excitingly tell them about our work and success where we wish to involve children, forthcoming scientists, professionals and engineers. The current young generation is already business-oriented.
As a rule, we start an excursion from telling about our plant, which usually alerts young minds a little. Although, the only way to success is to produce the much-needed goods. It may be an intellectual product, software or amazing game in a gadget. Anyway, a plant is needed to manufacture the product. We can call it whatever you like. Design studio, software laboratory or intellectual thinking centre, success factory, any name covers the plant. A plant is a plant. That is the way to great success, especially in a forthcoming epoch of digital economy.
For visitors and participants of the "Nanotechnology" Youth Innovation Creativity Center we regularly hold a competition "My first plant". We need to build a story about the plant, the director of which you want to become and which will produce a lot of useful things. As always, a prize awaits the winner.
Modern plants and factories are very productive. For example, a single Samsung or Sony factory can provide all the people of the planet with TV sets. Intel’s manufacturing center can supply everybody with a high-speed processor as part of a computer, laptop or tablet. In a modern city, you can build a salad plant indoors. Up to 12 crops can be grown there in a year. In addition, such a plant is an oxygen factory, which is very good for megacities. In Moscow a city farm has recently been launched in the building of a tobacco factory on Kashirskoye Shosse. In fact, this is no longer a farm, but a high-tech plant for production of greenery [3].
A modern digital factory should have all necessary attributes – a control system based on microprocessors, fpga-controllers, computers, etc., electronics with sensors, software, and, of course, mechanical structures and actuating systems. In other words, everything that is in a scanning probe microscope should be in a digital production system [4].
A common element of the machining center and the scanning probe microscope is the X-Y-Z three-coordinate positioning system. We have developed a 3D manipulator for performing these functions (Fig.4). The technical parameters of the 3D manipulator are shown below:
X-Y-Z positioning area: 100 × 100 × 35 mm;
horizontal resolution on X and Y: 0,075 nm;
horizontal linearity on X and Y: 0,02%;
resonance frequency X /Y: 3000/ 2000 Hz;
normal resolution (vertical) Z: 0,05 nm;
normal linearity (vertical): 0,02%;
resonance frequency Z: 1500 Hz
3D-manipulator is used in the following fields:
nanopositioniong system for laser engraving and cutting;
ultra-precise micromachining;
3D-interference scanning;
scanning probe microscopy;
molecular 3D printer, scanning capillary microscope.
The 3D-manipulator platform can be used autonomously and can be installed on a processing center of ATC Industry 4.0 or an Nikon Ti-U inverted optical microscope. It is possible to adapt the 3D-manipulator to other processing and measuring platforms.
Our plant requires many specialists – physicists, chemists, biologists, materials scientists, programmers, engineers and designers. Creating factories is the way of joy for a successful person.
The works on manufacturing the ATC Industry 4.0 machining center and 3D-manipulator were supported by the Innovation Assistance Fund, Contract No. 422GRNTIS5 / 44715. The 3D manipulator was calibrated using scanning probe microscopy with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of scientific project No. 17-52-560001.
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovative Development of the City of Moscow and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 8/3-63in-16 of 08/22/16) for invaluable help.
scanning probe microscopy;
3D design in SolidWorks and mechanical processing.
At first glance, it might seem that these courses are very far apart. Scanning probe microscopy operates with atoms and molecules, objects of nanometer and micron scale. It is the eye to the nanoworld in its three dimensions. The design, mechanical processing and engineering are the technology field of a different scale. Completely different skills are needed here. However, the real peculiarities of the modern technological movement indicate the opposite. The existing advanced processing centers provide the submicron and nano-scale accuracy of machining. The femtosecond lasers for cutting, electro-spark processing centers, milling and lathe micromachining systems are the leaders among these systems [2]. Processing of materials, the so called nanolithography, may be carried out using a scanning probe microscope. At that, use is made of mechanical, electrical and electro-chemical effects.
But there is another important point in the courses of "Nanotechnology" Center, which should be paid special attention to, as we do when lecturing. The deep study of the second course of 3D design mentioned above gives the necessary basis of knowledge and skills to design your own original scanning probe microscope. However, to be successful, it is absolutely needed to pass the first course (scanning probe microscopy) in parallel to the second one too.
As a result, these courses form the integrated scientific and practical education of engineering and physical art called "How to produce the microscope by own hands".
Starting from making the first microscope and moving to more complicated serial models we had to solve two important problems simultaneously. These problems were to find new modes in microscopy and to implement them in the hardware. Of course, it is necessary to add two other important directions – electronic design and programming. Both of these directions were implemented easily because of our acquired skills in the electronics and programming. It is fortunate that large investments are not needed to develop these areas. With the aim of preparing the harmonically educated professionals in youth Innovative Creativity Centre we planned to supply two new courses "Design of electronic systems" and "Programming for nanotechnologies". Over time it would be useful to conduct another important course called "Marketing, advertising and merchandising in high technologies".
After adoption of the law on small enterprises in August 1990, in September of the same year, the Advanced Technologies Center was registered in the Central Administrative District of Moscow as a high-tech production company. Indeed, all following time we built and developed our company as a plant for manufacturing of the most sophisticated microscopes. Mechanical processing was the serious problem. Significant progress was achieved in 2007, when our plant was equipped with an ultra-precise milling centre with computer numerical control (see Fig.1).
Now we produce milling centres and processing centres by ourselves. Small-size processing centres form the special niche. We have created a promising model of a milling center that allows for automatic tool changes, and has automatic cooling and lubrication systems. All this increases both the accuracy of processing and the service life of the center.
When schoolchildren come to us on an excursion we easily, clearly and excitingly tell them about our work and success where we wish to involve children, forthcoming scientists, professionals and engineers. The current young generation is already business-oriented.
As a rule, we start an excursion from telling about our plant, which usually alerts young minds a little. Although, the only way to success is to produce the much-needed goods. It may be an intellectual product, software or amazing game in a gadget. Anyway, a plant is needed to manufacture the product. We can call it whatever you like. Design studio, software laboratory or intellectual thinking centre, success factory, any name covers the plant. A plant is a plant. That is the way to great success, especially in a forthcoming epoch of digital economy.
For visitors and participants of the "Nanotechnology" Youth Innovation Creativity Center we regularly hold a competition "My first plant". We need to build a story about the plant, the director of which you want to become and which will produce a lot of useful things. As always, a prize awaits the winner.
Modern plants and factories are very productive. For example, a single Samsung or Sony factory can provide all the people of the planet with TV sets. Intel’s manufacturing center can supply everybody with a high-speed processor as part of a computer, laptop or tablet. In a modern city, you can build a salad plant indoors. Up to 12 crops can be grown there in a year. In addition, such a plant is an oxygen factory, which is very good for megacities. In Moscow a city farm has recently been launched in the building of a tobacco factory on Kashirskoye Shosse. In fact, this is no longer a farm, but a high-tech plant for production of greenery [3].
A modern digital factory should have all necessary attributes – a control system based on microprocessors, fpga-controllers, computers, etc., electronics with sensors, software, and, of course, mechanical structures and actuating systems. In other words, everything that is in a scanning probe microscope should be in a digital production system [4].
A common element of the machining center and the scanning probe microscope is the X-Y-Z three-coordinate positioning system. We have developed a 3D manipulator for performing these functions (Fig.4). The technical parameters of the 3D manipulator are shown below:
X-Y-Z positioning area: 100 × 100 × 35 mm;
horizontal resolution on X and Y: 0,075 nm;
horizontal linearity on X and Y: 0,02%;
resonance frequency X /Y: 3000/ 2000 Hz;
normal resolution (vertical) Z: 0,05 nm;
normal linearity (vertical): 0,02%;
resonance frequency Z: 1500 Hz
3D-manipulator is used in the following fields:
nanopositioniong system for laser engraving and cutting;
ultra-precise micromachining;
3D-interference scanning;
scanning probe microscopy;
molecular 3D printer, scanning capillary microscope.
The 3D-manipulator platform can be used autonomously and can be installed on a processing center of ATC Industry 4.0 or an Nikon Ti-U inverted optical microscope. It is possible to adapt the 3D-manipulator to other processing and measuring platforms.
Our plant requires many specialists – physicists, chemists, biologists, materials scientists, programmers, engineers and designers. Creating factories is the way of joy for a successful person.
The works on manufacturing the ATC Industry 4.0 machining center and 3D-manipulator were supported by the Innovation Assistance Fund, Contract No. 422GRNTIS5 / 44715. The 3D manipulator was calibrated using scanning probe microscopy with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of scientific project No. 17-52-560001.
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovative Development of the City of Moscow and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 8/3-63in-16 of 08/22/16) for invaluable help.
Readers feedback
