rus
Issue #1/2016
A.Ahmetova, D.Yaminsky, I.Yaminsky
3D Design, from atoms and molecules to plants and factories
3D Design, from atoms and molecules to plants and factories
Microscopy and technologies are successfully operated in 3D-format: microscopes “see” micro- and nano-objects in three dimensions and modern machining centers and 3D printers create complex three-dimensional products using digital 3D models.
Теги: 3d printers 3d-принтеры machining centers scanning probe microscopy обрабатывающие центры сканирующая зондовая микроскопия
The inventors of the scanning tunneling microscope G.Binnig and H.Rohrer have completed a unique engineering project by creating a device for the visualization of matter at the level of atoms and molecules. It can be concluded that the influence of this invention on the modern science, technology and industry was revolutionary in many ways. Scientists obtained the instrument for the study of atoms and molecules, virtually of the entire range of local surface properties of substances and materials with nanometer spatial resolution. An atomic-scale technology has been established (Fig.1), which formed the basis for a new area with common name "nanotechnology". The turnover of the industry of probe microscopy exceeded billion.
Probe microscopes (Fig.2) become a useful and highly informative tools in research institutions and universities, commercial companies and industrial firms, schools and colleges. The "Nanoindustry" journal has repeatedly turned to the topics of application of probe microscopy and teaching its methods [1–6]. Industry of probe microscopy and teaching are developing together. It may seem surprising, but all thirty five years of its existence probe microscopy develops vigorously and sustainably. At the present moment we can count more than a hundred different types and methods of this technology, when unique physical measurements are carried out in a volume a few nanometers. Not only high informativity, but also the obviousness of the data contribute to the success of probe microscopy. It allows to use widely probe microscopy in teaching students, graduate students and staff of companies. For example, the study of the atomic lattice on the graphite surface is a routine laboratory task not only in universities but also in schools. These classes are conducted, in particular, in the Moscow Youth innovation creativity centre "Nanotechnology" [7, 8]. In this center you can not only work on the microscope, but also create probe microscope of his own design.
Probe microscopy is perfectly compatible with 3D and all the surface images of the samples are obtained with height, width and length. You can use various scanning modes, from a simple line-by-line to complex modulated resonant with the measurement of several parameters. Setting up the feedback minimizes the impact on the sample from the probe.
Many modern systems, such as 3D printers, 3D processing centers and scanning probe microscopes use the same control algorithms, similar electronics and mechanics, including stepper motors, servos, manipulators, precision guides. Based on the technology of probe microscopy, we have created a series of high speed CNC milling machines (Fig.3), which provides high-precision machining of parts (www.ATCindustry.com).
The exclusion of human participation in repetitive operations, which can perform machines and robots, is becoming a feature of modern technological way. The automated systems with elements of artificial intelligence based on feedback algorithms can be used for more complex operations.
Advanced Technologies Center and Nanotechnology Youth innovation creativity centre organize an annual competition for pupils, students and young professionals "My first factory" [9]. In one of the categories of the contest, participants must submit a story "About the plant, whose Director I want to be, and which will produce a lot of useful". We already have the winners (Fig.4).
Is it difficult to build a workshop or a factory? Our experience and observations show that it's not that difficult, especially if you have understanding and desire. How long does it take to start production? One year! If the production is complex, then two years, if it is very complex, then three years. Fortitude, perseverance and skills based on knowledge should be added to such simple arithmetic. Where are the evidence and examples? Look at industrial progress in South Korea in the last 15–20 years, or at the industrial boom in China! In Russian history this has happened too. It is no coincidence that the great director Roman Carmen called mass construction and commissioning of factories during the Great Patriotic War "The instant industrial revolution". Watch the fifth episode of "The Unknown War" documentary, jointly filmed by Great Britain, the USA and the USSR, only the facts are presented there. And factories were built in less than one year! ■
This project is supported by the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation (contract No. 02.G25.31.0135) and by the Fund for the Promotion of the Development of Small Forms of Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere (Contract No. 9ГЦМИТ1/16315, code 0016315).
Probe microscopes (Fig.2) become a useful and highly informative tools in research institutions and universities, commercial companies and industrial firms, schools and colleges. The "Nanoindustry" journal has repeatedly turned to the topics of application of probe microscopy and teaching its methods [1–6]. Industry of probe microscopy and teaching are developing together. It may seem surprising, but all thirty five years of its existence probe microscopy develops vigorously and sustainably. At the present moment we can count more than a hundred different types and methods of this technology, when unique physical measurements are carried out in a volume a few nanometers. Not only high informativity, but also the obviousness of the data contribute to the success of probe microscopy. It allows to use widely probe microscopy in teaching students, graduate students and staff of companies. For example, the study of the atomic lattice on the graphite surface is a routine laboratory task not only in universities but also in schools. These classes are conducted, in particular, in the Moscow Youth innovation creativity centre "Nanotechnology" [7, 8]. In this center you can not only work on the microscope, but also create probe microscope of his own design.
Probe microscopy is perfectly compatible with 3D and all the surface images of the samples are obtained with height, width and length. You can use various scanning modes, from a simple line-by-line to complex modulated resonant with the measurement of several parameters. Setting up the feedback minimizes the impact on the sample from the probe.
Many modern systems, such as 3D printers, 3D processing centers and scanning probe microscopes use the same control algorithms, similar electronics and mechanics, including stepper motors, servos, manipulators, precision guides. Based on the technology of probe microscopy, we have created a series of high speed CNC milling machines (Fig.3), which provides high-precision machining of parts (www.ATCindustry.com).
The exclusion of human participation in repetitive operations, which can perform machines and robots, is becoming a feature of modern technological way. The automated systems with elements of artificial intelligence based on feedback algorithms can be used for more complex operations.
Advanced Technologies Center and Nanotechnology Youth innovation creativity centre organize an annual competition for pupils, students and young professionals "My first factory" [9]. In one of the categories of the contest, participants must submit a story "About the plant, whose Director I want to be, and which will produce a lot of useful". We already have the winners (Fig.4).
Is it difficult to build a workshop or a factory? Our experience and observations show that it's not that difficult, especially if you have understanding and desire. How long does it take to start production? One year! If the production is complex, then two years, if it is very complex, then three years. Fortitude, perseverance and skills based on knowledge should be added to such simple arithmetic. Where are the evidence and examples? Look at industrial progress in South Korea in the last 15–20 years, or at the industrial boom in China! In Russian history this has happened too. It is no coincidence that the great director Roman Carmen called mass construction and commissioning of factories during the Great Patriotic War "The instant industrial revolution". Watch the fifth episode of "The Unknown War" documentary, jointly filmed by Great Britain, the USA and the USSR, only the facts are presented there. And factories were built in less than one year! ■
This project is supported by the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation (contract No. 02.G25.31.0135) and by the Fund for the Promotion of the Development of Small Forms of Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere (Contract No. 9ГЦМИТ1/16315, code 0016315).
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