Probe microscopy allows us to study the morphology, nanostructure of the membrane, mechanical properties and biochemical interactions of blood cells over time in liquid and in air. The mechanical properties, rigidity and elasticity of the membrane can be quantified using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM can be used in a variety of areas: from assessing the quality of stored blood in transfusion banks to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of oxidative damage and disease-related changes. The use of AFM in the study of red blood cells helps in understanding the causes of neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and miscarriages.